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TCP/IP, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communications protocols used to interconnect network devices on the Internet. TCP/IP implements layers of protocol stacks, and each layer provides a well-defined network services to the upper layer protocol. TCP and IP are the two protocols used by TCP/IP, as well as the (higher) application, (lower) data link and (lower) physical layer protocols.

What is TCP/IP?

- TCP/IP is the communication protocol for communication between computers on the Internet.
- TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.
- TCP/IP defines how electronic devices (like computers) should be connected to the Internet, and how data should be transmitted between them.

Inside TCP/IP

Inside the TCP/IP standard there are several protocols for handling data communication:

• 1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication between applications
• 2. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication between applications
• 3. IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers
• 4. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and statistics
• 5. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing
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TCP/IP

- TCP/IP is TCP and IP working together.
- TCP takes care of the communication between your application software (i.e. your browser) and your network software.
 - IP takes care of the communication with other computers.
- TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.
- IP is responsible for sending the packets to the correct destination.

A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computers and other hardware interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network.

Types of Networking in general

Local Area Network: The Local Area Network is also referred as LAN. This system spans on a small area like a small office or home. The computer systems are linked with cables. In LAN system computers on the same site could be linked.

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet.

Wide Area Network: A Wide Area Network or WAN is a type of networking where a number of resources are installed across a large area such as multinational business. Through WAN offices in different countries can be interconnected. The best example of a WAN could be the Internet that is the largest network in the world. In WAN computer systems on different sites can be linked.